Manpower Planning Essay

In manpower planning Analyzing the current manpower plan Reviewing utilization Finding out current demand Finding out future supply Finally developing a manpower plan The MDI campus Is lush green and has a dedicated area for various Indoor sports and leisure activities Each leisure area requires a dedicated gardener and each such garden/lawn requires manpower planning to estimate the number of gardeners required in the area. Thorough analysis we concluded that the present number of Gardeners are somewhat overstaffed. The staffing is more appropriate during monsoon and rainy season when there is an overgrowth of grass. In other seasons the number of gardeners required is lesser. We interviewed a number of gardeners to ascertain their working habits and methodologies. The findings are documented below: 2. 3. 4. 5. Primary Job: Trimming grasses pruning bushes Secondary Jobs: Keeping the bushes and the plantation in order Soil upkeep and enrichment Cleanliness of the gardens and lawns Pesticide spraying New plantation and expansion of green area Primary analysis results: 1 . Gardeners are normally late and they also are not in their full capacity. At any given time not all the gardeners employed are present. 2. Working hours: 40 hours a week 5 days. 3. Overtime, if required is taken cared of. 4. All the gardeners have one supervisor whom they report to. 5. Few gardeners are cross skilled and may work across domains 6. Each gardener has the same salary which is around 6500 Per month Page 4 The gardens are of three types according to their function: 1 . Sport grounds- 2 namely Golf Course and Football grounds 2. Utility Lawns- 3 namely the Inland Greens, the lawn near CM/Odyssey and Library Greens 3. Leisure lawns- 5 namely the lawns near Lash, the lawn inside Scholar’s Building, Director’s Bungalow and the Staff Quarters and the lawns at the main gate Garden/ Lawn Number of Golf Course Football ground hours/day Reek. 26 Gardeners Reek. 4. 5 3. 5 Inland Greens 21 9 3 2 Lawns at main gate Lawns near CM/ Odyssey Lawns near Lash 14 2. 5 0. 5 Lawn inside Scholars Bungalow Lawns near Staff Quarters 8 1. 5 6 10 Cost analysis We estimated that the manpower planning be done according to the seasonal variations. During off seasons the cross skilled gardeners can be accommodated in other works whereas during on season these same gardeners can be taken back into the gardening work. In this way MDI can optimism the utilization of each gardener even better. Page 5 Recommendations We recommend a change in the number of gardeners required as we promote cross killing of gardeners and each gardener would be then better utilized, the number we came up with was 23 gardeners. The current number of gardeners present are 24 gardeners. Thus, the final number according to us comes out to be 23 gardeners.

The Critique of Dr. Larry Crabb and Dr. Ron Hawkins

Two theorists, Dr. Crabb and Dr. Hawkins have different theories but the same goal in mind when discussing integrating spirituality and psychology. The ultimate goal for all theorists should be to reach the needs of the client. Dr. Crabb discusses the difference between the process of a secular counselor and those of a Christian counselor. He explains that even though their ultimate goal is the same the avenue they take is different due to a different set of rules. Dr Crabb‘s theory relies heavily on the Bible and Abraham Maslow’s classical needs hierarchy. Dr Crabb describes the difference in how people perceive their problems, some take ownership, and other may blame the environment. According to Dr. Crabb, our reactions to our difficult life experiences take one of three forms: guilt, resentment or anxiety (Crabb, 1977). In Dr. Crabb’s book, Effective Biblical Counseling, he summarizes a three-level counseling program which can be performed by members of the church, using the concept that every Christian can minister the word of God. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation The first level is about educating the members of the church members on the basic practices and principles of biblical scripture, strategies of counseling and the tools to use to accomplish the counseling. The second level the uses scripture to persuade the client to perceive the situation and solution christianly. By using scripture to explain the situation and solution the client make the comparison to their situation. The third level is establishing a character which displays godly behavior that conforms to the standards of the church. The counselor should represent Christian values and principles in their everyday life. Dr. Crabb also discusses his four approaches to integration of Christianity and psychology. The first approach and the most balance of Dr. Crabb’s four approaches are â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians† (Crabb, 1977). In the teachings of this approach Dr. Crabb changes the direction of teaching away from the traditional teaching that man has three parts. Dr. Crabb suggests that man has only â€Å"two parts; physical and personal, or material and non-material† (p. 88). The physical side belonging to the material side and the spirit and soul belonging to the immaterial side (p. 88). This approach also teaches that psychology is under God’s perfect, incapable of mistakes, brilliant revelations. According to Dr. Crabb scripture is to have precedence over non-biblical opinion in a purposeful capacity. The second approach is â€Å"Separate but equal†. This viewpoint establishes that psychology and spirituality does not mix anymore than if a person needs a serious operation they do not go to the bible for direction, they go to the hospital. Scripture is used to help a person deal with their troubling emotions or teaching of lessons. For example inProverbs 4:23 states, â€Å"above all else, guard your heart, for it is the wellspring of life. † The â€Å"heart† includes the mind and all that proceeds from it. Next we have the â€Å"Tossed Salad† approach which blends theology and psychology. It can be confusing because it does not blend in with secular concepts when suggesting Biblical truth. Last approach is the â€Å"Nothing Buttery† approach which disregards psychology all together. This approach says that all that is needed is Christ. â€Å"This is clearly seen in Paul’s commendation to Timothy: â€Å"†¦ from infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work† 2 Timothy 3:15-17 (King James Version). He suggests that most patients are self centered because they seek counseling in their desire to be happy. He navigates away from the teachings that man is a tri-part creature and suggests that man has a two part division: The material side and immaterial side (p. 88). He explains that the path to true happiness is to be like Christ. He believes the goal of counseling is spiritual and psychological maturity and concern in helping people enter into greater worship and affective life of service. Dr. Crabb explains in his book that â€Å"Maturity involves two elements: long range character growth and immediate obedience† (p. 3). He feels that by using the seven stage model a counselor will be able to identify where wrong belief was learned, encourage expression of emotions surround beliefs, support the client as they change their beliefs, helping the client decipher the true meaning of the word, securing a commitment from the client to act on these beliefs, build a plan with the client on what action needs to be taken with their new beliefs and help them identify their lack of sin rel ated feels and the presence of â€Å"spiritual feelings†. Dr. Hawkins (2010) utilizes a set of concentric circles to demonstrate the factors that make up an individual. He starts with the innermost self, which is the core self. He explains that a healthy psychological person has a Holy Spirit at the core, He adds more circles to show how the individual’s personality in influenced. This is similar to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory, which describes an individual’s development within the context of the individual’s environment. Unlike Dr Crabb, Dr. Hawkins emphasizes more on working with the client to build an intervention where the client will take ownership of the strategy and process of personal change. Dr Hawkins describes the first phase of a four phase model to understand the real problem. The client talks the counselor listens. Phase two, is paraphrasing and tracking what the client is really saying. Phase three is setting up a plan of action involving the client so the client is engaged in ownersh ip for this plan of action and responsibility for its outcome. In the final phase the counselor supports and guides the client to take accountability in the process of change. Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses Both these theories are similar and the outcome will be the same but the execution is different. In both theories the strength outweigh the negative because they are letting the client learn about themselves and how to breakdown their own problems. Both men rely on God’s guidance to lead in changing hurting humanity. Each model is well put together and easy to use. Dr. Crabb’s theory is more detailed whereas Dr. Hawkins’ presented his model in a more condensed form. Dr. Crabb proposes the counselor guides the client to be godly like and use the scriptures from the Bible to help the client understand the situation in comparison of a parable in the Bible, the compare the solution to what can be done to fix the problem. Dr. Hawkins theory starts out with the core self and explains that a psychologically healthy perso n has the Holy Spirit at the core. As he adds circles to tailor the influences to the client’s individual environment and life events explain the client’s personality. The Counselor listens to the client and then paraphrase to make certain of the problem. The client is involved in the plans and goals of overcoming the situation. By doing this the client can take accountability and responsibility of the outcome. Personal Reflection and Application In reflection of both these theories, I agree that the client should be guided in understanding the problem and in using the biblical parables to build a comparison to the underline problem and the best solution. As Christian children we are taught from the bible and use biblical verses to understand what’s and why’s of life. In using Dr. Crabb’s theory we can break down what is going on in the conscious mind and what is hidden in the unconscious mind. As counselors, we can breakdown the how the problem developed and what we can do to change the situation. We can guide the client into making these changes to better their lives. Dr Hawkins’ theory makes the client be responsible for the outcome by using the demonstrating the concentric circles to demonstrate how the problem gave birth to using the client’s environment and personality to change the situation and have a better outcome. I, personally was very interested in Dr, Crabb’s four approaches of integrating Christianity and psychology, especially the â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians† (Crabb, 1977). As he explained that in this approach Dr. Crabb that man has only â€Å"two parts; physical and personal, or material and non-material† (p. 88). The physical side belonging to the material side and the spirit and soul belonging to the immaterial side (p. 88). When working with clients in a Christian Counseling scenario scripture is to have precedence over non-biblical opinion in a purposeful capacity.

Legal Safety, and Regulatory Requirements

LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 1 Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements Tara Thompson HCS/341 October 1, 2012 Norman Greene LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 2 According to Peterson, (2012), â€Å"The Human Resource Department is responsible for compliance of a multitude of employment- and workplace- related laws. Human resource managers are also responsible for training other resource personnel to ensure that the laws are abided by throughout the organization.There are some common laws that affect HR decisions and actions which involve equal opportunity employment, discrimination, labor laws, and medical leaves of absence. † Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements does have an effect on Human Resource in regards to the statement: â€Å"Common Sense and compassion in the workplace has been replaced by litigation† I disagree, I believe there has to be a balance of Common Sense and Compassion while adhering to the Federal Laws that have been se t in place by the Department of Labor which has an impact on the Human Resource department.Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements does have an impact on Human Resource, employees and employers have a contractual relationship and this contractual relationship can be comprised of a few laws that both employee and employer have to abide by in the workplace and Human Resource sees to it that these laws are carried out. These laws were put in place within organizations and businesses by the United States Government to be able to protect the employer, employee and the rights of the public in any situation that may occur on either part.People that work within Human Resources they have to be competent and knowledgeable about the laws and regulations that the Federal Government of the United States have put in place. Federal Laws According to  United States Department of Labor  (n. d. ) â€Å"The Department of Labor (DOL) administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws. These ma ndates and the regulations that LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 3 implement them cover many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers. Some of these Federal Laws that are implemented in the workplace are: Occupational Safety and Health Administration- Safety and Health conditions in most private industries are regulated by OSHA or OSHA-approved state programs, which also cover public sector employers. Employers that are covered under OSHA have to comply with the regulations in regard to the safety and health standards that have been set forth by OSHA. Organizations have a legal duty to provide their employees with workplace conditions that are free from serious hazards.OSHA enforces these regulations through workplace inspections and investigations. (United States Department of Labor,  n. d. ). Employees tend to work at their best when they have sense of security that they are safe in the workplace when performing their work duties. Acc ording to Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy  (2010), â€Å"The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides legal protection for people with physical or mental disabilities. Under the ADA employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations for employees whose disabilities might prevent them from performing essential job functions adequately, unless it will create an undue hardship for the organization. It is ok for an employer to ask an applicant if they can perform essential job functions, hiring a person with disabilities can also be contingent upon the results of a medical examination. Statement â€Å"Common sense and compassion in the workplace has been replaced by litigation† is a statement that I do not agree with.Common sense is something that we are born with, but at the LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 4 same time it may not be so common, â€Å"We define compassion as an empathetic emotional response to another person’s pain or suffering t hat moves people to act in a way that will either ease the person’s condition or make it more bearable. † (Lilius, 2003). In any type of organization situations can occur that can have just cause for litigation.This is why it is critical for Human Resources to enforce and carry out the laws that the Federal government has put in place to ensure that employers, and employees are using their common sense and compassion and no one’s rights are being violated in anyway. Regulations and laws were created and put in place to make sure that people civil rights are not violated and they are treated fairly. Having common sense and compassion allows people to work together, relate to one another and in return they are satisfied with the work they do and accomplishments they make on the job.Working with common sense and compassion also decreases litigation from being in the workplace. Conclusion Human Resources have a multitude of responsibilities and it’s up to the Human Resource managers to carry them out and make sure they are adhered to. There are many Federal Laws and regulations that Human Resource managers should have knowledge about so when a situation occurs they will be able to handle it the right way.Human resource and The Department of Labor work hand in hand in the workplace OSHA guidelines should be adhered to because safety is critical and it is not just the responsibility of Human Resource but the responsibility of administration as well as all employees in the workplace. Everyone has the right to feel safe and work in a safe environment. American Disabilities Act is another law among many that Human Resources must adhere to. There should be a balance of common sense and compassion so that there is little to none litigation in the workplace.LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 5 References Gomez-Mejia, L. R. , Balkin, D. B. , & Cardy, R. L. (2010). Managing Human Resources  (6th ed. ). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/book_04_01. asp. Lilius, J. M. (2003). Compassion lab. com. Retrieved from http://www. compassionlab. com/docs/whatgoodiscompassion. pdf Peterson, J. (2012). What Are Various Employment Laws Which Affect HR Decisions & Actions? Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/list_6814373_various-affect-hr-decisions-actions_. html

Critique of the Article Evaluating Workplace English Programs Essay

Critique of the Article Evaluating Workplace English Programs - Essay Example The authors set the context for the article by describing a boom in the provision of workplace English classes which occurred between 1988 and 1994 when the US Department of Education committed some 133 million dollars to such programs with a view to â€Å"better the workers’ reading, writing, and communication skills, which would lead to improved worker productivity.† (Ekkens and Winke, 2006, p. 267) The funding ceased, leaving individual companies with the costs of continuing this initiative, and also with the task of ensuring the suitability and the quality of provision for their own specific needs. While larger companies can afford to hire a specialist service provider to deliver and monitor programs, smaller companies are often in some difficulty with this complex task. The article addresses the need to identify practical and efficient ways of judging the progress that workplace learners of English make. One issue which causes difficulty is the proliferation of sta ndardized tests which could be used to evaluate workplace English programs. The authors list five professionally produced and standardized tests, each of which specifies that training in the testing method must be undertaken before the tests are administered. This in turn implies high costs either in training such personnel or in hiring such staff to undertake the work. The focus of these five is national and general, rather than local and specific which raises the issue of whether they are in fact at all suitable for the needs of small and tightly focused companies which may have priorities and conditions quite different from those of the national testing bodies. So far the authors have outlined the context well, and have identified some of the practical difficulties that practitioners in the field encounter. The literature review at the start of the article summarizes the work of Sticht (1999) on the gap between what testing systems test, and what participants in English language courses and their companies actually require in terms of day to day demands of the job. A case is made for more personalized assessment methods such as â€Å"portfolios, journals, observations checklists, ans diaries† (Ekkens & Winke, 2006, p. 269) following research with a pedagogic rather than quality control focus (Huerta-Macias, 1995; Grognet, 1996 and 1997; Shohamy, 2001). Although this research shows that there are clear benefits for individual learners, in terms of becoming more aware of and taking responsibility for their own learning progress, and there are some other advantages such as a rise in learner self-esteem, the authors note that these methods take more time to develop, operate and score, and most significant of all for workplace learning providers, they are often not recognized by funding bodies. Critics of these alternative assessment methods maintain that they are too subjective and therefore unreliable as measures of progress or predictors of workplace s uccess (Brantmeier, 2006). The authors cite an interesting article by Peirce, Swain and Hart (1993) but do not take full account of this article’s insights, albeit in a context of Swedish students learning French, into the serious discrepancy that exists between learners’ own assessment when compared with formal tests. The article formulates the research question very

Strategy Formulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy Formulation - Essay Example In this respect effective use of communication techniques within and without the organization is emphasized by strategic management experts in order to achieve these long term objectives. Communication within the organization is necessarily influenced by its leadership style and organizational culture and structure. A vertical top-down structure with an autocratic leadership style is less likely to facilitate efficient communication between different layers of the hierarchy while conversely a horizontal structure with a democratic leadership style would more likely facilitate good communication flow between departments. Strategic long term goals such as market share, profitability, an increase in the share price, quality improvements, customer satisfaction and brand loyalty have to be achieved by adopting such strategies as good internal and external communication practices, employee relations, good motivation strategies and HRM practices, sound financial management including positive cash flows and better overall performance metrics. For example there are good and bad business practices being adopted by companies in the process of planning and design of management and business strategy. Many organizations depend on the available information to make such decisions. This is strategically a bad business practice because information asymmetry often misleads managers and their subsequent decisions based on such imbalanced information could be wrong. Nowadays organizations have better approaches to such intricate problems. In the planning and design process of VRIO (value, rarity, inimitability and organization) framework businesses have adopted such revolutionary approaches. For instance Accenture, the largest strategic management consultancy in the world, places emphasis on VRIO framework in such a manner that it’s very difficult for its competitors to duplicate its VRIO environment in any meaningful manner. This example illustrates

Choose a set of military images or objects and consider how they have Essay - 1

Choose a set of military images or objects and consider how they have mobilized popular opinion in support of war - Essay Example It is only though the lens that the civilized world has come to known the grotesque realities that is bestowed mostly upon the innocent civilians. Be it the Vietnam War, the World War II, and the Afghanistan war, the consequences have always been the same. In such situations, photographers of courage, and practically, photographers of luck have played vital role in mobilizing an entire public opinion in either way. Nevertheless, history has been the testimony of the fact that images speak loud. This paper presents few such images and their cause and effect in influencing the opinion of people in the event of a war and its subsequent outcome. The images have been captured under different conditions and times, although all have a common element of historical value. All of them represent the times during which they were clicked and in some or the other way bore importance in prominent aspects of history. When Eddie Adams shot this picture of a South Vietnamese General- Nguyen Ngoc Loan shooting a suspected Vietcong guerrilla, he might have never known how intensified would be the ripples that this image would generate. â€Å"It earned Adams a Pulitzer Prize† (Coward 2004). Although the image brought out anti-war feelings as â€Å"public approval certainly cannot be taken for granted† (Handel 1992), what it did was to escalate the Tet Offensive which was a massive campaign against the Republic of Vietnam forces and the U.S. and its allies. Although the fate of a war is never known, bitter feelings on any side always tend to extend the war as might have been in the case of the Vietnam war which went on till a few more years. Although Adams’ first comment was- â€Å"The general killed the Viet Cong; I killed the general with my camera.† (Robbins 2010), he later on apologized to Nguyen for whatever humiliation the photograph did to his reputation. On the 11th of September 2011, when an airliner hit the North Block of the World Trade Center, Richard Drew was

International Finance & Capital Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

International Finance & Capital Markets - Essay Example The company has the desire to acquire China COSCO Holdings Company Limited, which is mainly a logistics and shipping supplier company. The plan for acquisition is evaluated in order to examine whether it will be a success for both the companies. Babcock International had been planning for expansion internationally for the past few years. However, they were targeting the Chinese market in particular. The acquisition plan has been in the negotiation stage and thus there is a need for providing the Board of Directors of Babcock International with recommendations from the financial director regarding the collaboration with COSCO. The cross border acquisition brings a number of issues like the exchange rate risk along with the cross border trade. The plan is evaluated by evaluating the solvency, liquidity and the profitability position of both the companies. The balance sheet of the companies is compared in order to make a decision regarding the collaboration plan. The recent acquisitions of Babcock International are also examined in order to evaluate the strength of the company and get an idea whether it is capable for the acquisition of COSCO. Introduction Babcock International Group PLC is an established company in United Kingdom which is the part of the European Union (EU). The European economy is the world’s largest importer globally in 2011 (16.4%). It is also the largest exporter in the world, exporting 15.4% of all the exports across the globe. Rules and regulations are very strict in EU which possesses restrictions to the companies at different levels of business. Thus it is important for Babcock to obey the rules and regulations of the country and take decision regarding the acquisition China COSCO. The EU also provides investors with a unique market for investment after passing the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) in 2008. Merger and acquisition is viewed as the change agent for any company. The action is taken for expanding or co ntracting the basic operation of the firm which is also known as corporate restructuring. There are different types of acquisition which includes the cross border, local country and home country acquisition. Babcock is panning for cross border acquisition as it is deciding to acquire China COSCO which is leading logistics and shipping Supplier Company in China. The acquisition plan of China COSCO by Babcock will be successful if the following conditions are fulfilled: 1) The creditors and the properties of China COSCO are protected by courts. 2) Babcock has clear knowledge regarding China COSCO. 3) The growth of China COSCO encourages rapid market penetration of China. 4) The entry barriers are considerably high. 5) The cultural difference between UK and China are low. 6) Babcock is relatively larger than size of China COSCO. 7) Babcock has the ability to take the risk of acquisition. 8) Babcock has experience of the local markets of China. 9) Babcock is quite late in entering China market (Clark, 2002) The above conditions are necessary to be fulfilled if the acquisition has to be successful. Babcock has a plan for entering the markets of China for a long time. The proposal of the acquisition is examined by evaluating the financial strengths of both the companies. The benefits of the investors are also concentrated upon. The negotiation

Policing Policies in the USA and the UK Coursework

Policing Policies in the USA and the UK - Coursework Example This report looks at the background and the development of the policing policies in the USA and the UK to understand the drivers and motivations that inform police activity in these countries. A comparison with the reported crime levels allows comparison of their performance and effectiveness and thus the systems. Why are the police so important in the development of democratic societies The police are different from any other government entity. Of all government functions, the policing function is arguably the most visible, the most immediate, the most intimately involved with the well-being of individuals and the health of the communities. Police represents a vital arm of the government and is primarily responsible for the maintenance of law and order within the political boundaries of a country. The organisation, the underlying philosophy and the way police approach their task reflects the approach to governance that the country has especially towards its citizens. Conversely, the attitude of the community towards the police also affects the way the police approach their job. Regardless of the way the policing function is organised the result is what is important. The essential questions to ask are: While it is widely agreed that the functions of the police ... The essential questions to ask are: a) Whether the police is effective in crime reduction and, b) Do the police meet the needs of the society whose interest it serves While it is widely agreed that the functions of the police embrace much more than crime investigation and control as also that police are not the only institution that is responsible for crime abatement, this essay considers only the role of the police in fighting crime. At the end of the 1980s, the change in societal environment, and the demographics of crime and drug abuse clearly indicated that the traditional police practices were inadequate to control crime (Greenwood et al 1977; Kelling et al 1974). Two decades of rising crime led to a gradual erosion of public confidence in the institution (Crank & Langworthy 1992) and demanded the use of innovative practices to meet the requirements of the society. While the American police adopted the 'zero tolerance' approach that continued to tend toward use of force to keep the streets clean, the British police, except for a few disastrous experiments with 'zero tolerance' gravitated towards the more liberal approach. A comparison of police systems and practices in America and Britain helps understand the cultural and operational philosophy differences between the two and impact they have on their effectiveness. The analysis and discussion in this report is limited to police organisations in urban and metropolitan areas with rural policing specifically excluded. This report explores the different constructs that earlier research suggests in terms of defining 'models' and 'styles' of police service provision. Using these, the recent historical developments of the actual practices in America and Britain and their

Discussion Question 2 Week 1 Accounting Assignment

Discussion Question 2 Week 1 Accounting - Assignment Example Bookkeeping was explicitly defined as â€Å"the process of recording, in chronological order, the daily transactions of a business entity. It forms part of the accounting information system† (Miss CPA, 2011, par. 6). The accounting equation is actually defined as â€Å"An equation that reflects the two-sided nature of a business entity, assets on the one side and the sources of assets on the other side (assets = liabilities + owners’ equity)†¦ The accounting equation is the foundation for double-entry bookkeeping, which uses a scheme for recording changes in these basic types of accounts as either debits or credits such that the total of accounts with debit balances equals the total of accounts with credit balances. The accounting equation also serves as the framework for the statement of financial condition, or balance sheet, which is one of the three fundamental financial statements reported by a business† (Financial Terms, 2012). As such, the basic theoretical framework significantly impacts business decision making since it clearly pinpoints and accurately identifies the sources of changes in the different accounts of the organization. As such, understanding the concept of the accounting equation would facilitate determination of any evident deviation that significantly impacts current operation, and which were not according to the organization’s plans, thus, should be appropriately and immediately

Tools of Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Tools of Organizational Change - Essay Example A leader could further ensure that there is effective communication and engagement within the organization when implementing an organizational change. In order to achieve this, the leader could ensure that workers are not only aware of required changes that are happening but also understand them. A leader could further seek to engage workers in the formulation and implementation of an organizational change as this creates a positive attitude among workers (Lewis, 2011). The third component that a leader could use involves internalization of the change. This refers to the actual implementation of the change. Depending on the nature of the change, a leader could choose the appropriate channel for internalization of the change by the workers. These channels include seminars and departmental meetings. During internalization, workers review the proposed change and analyze how better it is than the old practices. This helps workers to realize the benefits of the change and propel them to work within the set rules of the proposed change (Lewis,

Russia and the Soviet Union 1917-1924 Essay Example for Free

Russia and the Soviet Union 1917-1924 Essay 1. The March revolution of 1917: * The Tsar abdicates on the 20th March, in favour of his brother Michael because his son Alexis was too young. * However, the people had other ideas, they wanted a change in government. 2. The provisional Government: * The crowds gathered outside the Tauride Palace Demanding that the Duma took charge of the country. * A temporary government was formed to rule the country until an election could be held to decide who and how the country would be run. 3. Soviets * AS the provisional government was taking way, another group was starting up, the Petrograd Soviet. People sent representatives to sort out their interests. * The first thing that the soviet did was to issue order 1, which gave it control of the armed forces in Petrograd. How did the Bolsheviks seize power? March 1917 Provisional Government + Petrograd Soviet Control Russia 1. What do they do? The first thing what happened was: Political prisoners were freed; they made the press free to do what they liked. There would be freedom of speech, the right to strike and an end to social discrimination and the death penalty. 2. Issue 1:the war The provisional government continued the war with the agreement with the Soviets. Everybody had too much pride to be beaten by the Germans. Also they wanted to stay allies with Britain and France in the future. The war continued badly and the Russians were still losing food and fuel. The people needed the war to end. 3. Issue 2:land As soon as the Tsar was gone the peasants thought they could have had always wanted, Land. But the provisional government wouldnt give them it. This was because they though that they should leave it to the properly elected government. People began to take land anyway. 4. The return of Lenin When Lenin returned it was a whole new start to the revolution. Lenin had not been in Russia during the March Revolution. With a lot of help from the Germans he got a sealed train to Petrograd at the beginning of April. The 1st speech that Lenin made to the people was demanding that thee should be no co-operating with the provisional government, the war should be ended, the land should be given to the peasants and that the Soviets should take power. These points were later written up in the April Theses 5. The July Days Only the Bolsheviks opposed the war. During the 1917 summer more and more common people opposed to the war. In July the Kerensky launched an attack against the Russians, which they lost. Thus there was a huge demonstration in Petrograd, which became known as the July days. Everyone poured into the streets protested about the war. They all to the Bolsheviks to lead them but they turned them away. Kerensky produced letters incriminating Lenin. This forced Lenin to flee to Finland. * The war distinguished the Bolsheviks from other groups because thy opposed the war. 6. Autumn 1917 * Events started to work in the Bolsheviks Favour * Kerensky had appointed a general called Kornilov to be head of the army * There wanted to establish a strong sturdy Government in Russia his own government. * Many people of the Petrograd panicked; there was bound to be violence and bloodshed. * Kerensky also panicked and asked the Bolsheviks for help. * He gave rifles to the Bolshevik Red Guard; groups of workers who had been training secretly, and now appeared on the streets to help defend the city. * Kornilov troops never arrived. The railway workers and other soldiers persuaded them not to fight their fellow Russians. * How ever the Red Guard kept their rifles. How did the Bolsheviks Seize Power? Moral was low, there were riots and fights, Russia was a descrase. The Bolsheviks were now moving in on the Winter Palace, where the provisional Government was meeting. During the afternoons, most of the Cossacks had slipped out of the palace, leaving some military cadets and the Womens death Battalion. At 9.00p.m the Aurora (a ship whose sailors supported the Bolsheviks) fired a blank shot to start the attack. There was little machine-gun fire, and very little damage was done to the palace. The womens death battalion offered no resistance, came out and went back to camp. The red guards entered and made their way along the miles of corridors. When they did meet military cadets, they gave up, as did the Provisional Government when the Red Guards found them. The Bolsheviks had control of Petrograd. Key points of how the Bolsheviks took over * The general moral of the people was low, causing fights and riots. * Bolsheviks moved onto the Winter Palace, where the Provisional Government was meeting * At 9.00p.m, the Aurora, fired a blank shot and started the Attack * All offensive gave up to the Bolsheviks, and they had complete control of Petrograd. The Role of Lenin in the November 1917 Revolution Lenin made a difference Lenin didnt make a difference * Limitless capability to persuade people * He had the power to say what people wanted, and give it to them * He listened to people on the street, factories and Barracks, and knew what the people wanted * With out Lenin the Bolshevik coup would have been postponed and might of failed. * After all this the Bolshevik partys membership began to grow rapidly * Lenins role in some historians opinions, fell short of Trotskys Conclusion Did he make a difference? I would conclude that Lenin did make a difference because without him, people would not of got what he wanted; the Bolshevik coup would of failed. He did some think different, he listened to the people, he found out what they wanted and helped them, where as other leaders wouldnt, hey would of done it their way. How did Lenin Control Russia in 1917? Lenin had seized power in Petrograd, but for how long could he hold on to it? A few days after the takeover, Kerensky sent some troops to let the provisional Government take control again Populist Measures November * A maximum eight-hour day and 48 hour week declared for industrial workers. * Employment insurance introduced for workers for injuries, illness, and unemployment * All titles and class distinctions abolished no dukes or lords, the title comrade for everybody. * Women declared equal to men. December * All Factories to be put under the control of workers comities. * All banks taken over by the government * The army to be more democratic officers to be elected, no ranks or saluting * Divorce made easier and marriages do not have to be in churches. The Cheka In December 1917, Lenin set up the Cheka. The head of this secret police force was the cold and incorruptible Felix Dzerzhinski. He set up headquarters in the lubyanka in Moscow, a name that was to become feared because of the torture and executions that were carried out there. The Cheka arrested people who were considered dangerous. After an assassination attempt on Lenin, the Cheka launched the Red Terror. Anybody who spoke out against the government was arrested, and many were shot with out t trail. Sometimes it was enough to be someone who might oppose the Bolsheviks. The use of terror to control people was to become a feature of the new regime. Constituent Assembly * By November 1917, Lenin had been forced into holding elections promised by the provisional government. * Railway workers said that the would shut down the railways if Lenin did not go ahead with Russias first free elections. * These were to choose a constitunal Assembly, which would work out how Russia would be governed in the future. Peace * Lenin sent Trotsky to meet the Germans to negotiate a peace treaty. * Trotsky walked out of the talks because the Germans demanded so much territory. * He stated that there would be No Peace, No war * However, Lenin sent him back, he was sure that the Bolsheviks would stay in Power only if the war could be ended quickly. * The result was the harsh treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918 How did the communists win the civil war? There were three sides to the civil war, but two main ones. The reds and the whites. The Reds: The Bolsheviks or Communists (Red was the colour of Communism). The Whites: All the opponents of the Bolsheviks -tsarists and nobles, middle-class constitutional democrats, Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The whites got their name from the white uniforms worn by the Tsarist officers. This meant that the Whites were always associated with the Tsar and the old system of government. The Greens: Independent groups of nationalists, peasants or bandits who roamed Russia at this time. They fought anyone and raided villages and towns. The most famous was the Ukrainian nationalist, Nestor Makno, who shared his booty with local peasants. Geographical Factors Reds * They held the central area of western Russia, which contained most of the large industrial canters able o produce munitions and war supplies. * They had control of the railway lines, which connected Petrograd and Moscow to the rest of the country. This meant that they could send soldiers and munitions quickly to any place in the battle area. Whites * They were scattered around this central area, often with hundreds of miles separating the different armies. * Communications were difficult that is, if the generals wanted to communicate. Aims Reds * The red only really had on aim, which was to stay in power so that they could build up the new Socialist society. Whites * The many people that made up the whites had some different aims, some of them wanted to tsar back, some a military Dictator; others wanted revolutionary change. The only aim they had been in common was to defeat the Bolsheviks; they only agreed on little less. Leadership and unity Reds * Leader wise the reds had a great one, Trotsky. He built up the red army from nothing, he brought in conscription for men over eighteen years of age, he introduced nearly over 50,000 experienced former Tsarists officers and he appointed political Commissars fanatical Bolsheviks to each unit of men to make sure the officers and soldiers carried out their orders. * Trotsky was personally very courageous. He had a special train which transported him around his army of hand picked soldiers to the places where fighting was difficult. Whites * The whites didnt really have good leaders, often the commanders were cruel, treated their men with disrespect and set a bad example, by doing stuff like drinking and taking drugs * The white generals did not trust each other and would not re-ordinate their attacks. This then allowed the reds to pick of the white army one by one. * The whites had problems inside their armies too. There was often fighting and squabbling because groups had different aims and beliefs. It was particularly hard for revolutionaries to co-operate with the supporters of the Tsar. How Important was the role of Trotsky * Leon Trotsky played a very important role in the 1917 Russian Revolution, together with Lenin. * He played an important role in rising up the Red Army, which with out the revolution would have been crushed. * He was very strict and stated that every scoundrel who incited anyone to retreat, to desert, or not to fulfil a military order, will be shot Every soldier of the Red army who voluntarily deserts his post will be shot. Those guilty of harbouring deserters are liable to be shot. * He gave a good impression to his people, by arriving with a train, a famous train that had been speeding to and fro along the different fronts. The train contained excellent facilities. What Happened to Tsar and his Family * After his abdication in March 1917, the Tsar and his family were held under house arrest just outside st. Petersburg * There were moved to Tobolsk in Siberia, then sent to Ekaterinburg in the Urals, where they were held by the Reds in the house of a family called Ipatiev * Tsar presented a continuing problem for the reds. If he escaped he might help unite the White forces; if executed, he could become a martyr. * But it seemed, when the white forces closed in on Ekaterinburg in the summer of 1918, it seemed that the decision was to kill him. * How successful was Lenin in transforming Russia by 1924 There is certainly an element that Russia was transformed by 1924, certainly top an extent in terms of industry, agriculture, political and socio-economic factors. However, Due to Lenins death in 1924, with the resulting power struggle and emergence of Stalin as dictator, put together with Stalins claim that in 1934 that Russia is fifty to a hundred years behind the westernised countries, we have 10 years to close that gap. There is certainly an argument that the transformations within Russia by 1924 were minimal, especially as the Bolsheviks were trying to establish power in the years stemming form the revolution in 1917 Lenins death in 1924. Lenin knew that he had to do something to improve the economic situation in Russia. If he did not, the Communists would not survive. In 1921, he introduced a New Economic Policy (NEP). He had the idea that the NEP would give the Soviet Union a Breathing space to get back on their feet. Many communists were angry about what he saw as a return to capitalism. They did not like the idea that making a profit was the main power source for smaller industries. They disliked stuff like the fact that the bosses of factories or Kulaks (rich peasants) could hire men to work for them. They did not want to go back to the old days. The communists particularly disliked the new traders who were appearing all over the cities. These Nepmen, as they were called, made all of their profit by buying food and goods cheaply and selling them for more money than they are worth. They were middlemen, who the communists saw as those who made money out of the labour of others. Nepmen also set up restaurants and made lots of money from dealing gin property and gambling. Lenin persuaded the party to accept the NEP for the time being. The majority realised that these measures were needed to reduce industry and get more food produced. The next big step forward was the electrification of Russia. Lenin was keen to see Russia evolve with more innovation and saw electric power as the key to modernising the Soviet Union. He envisaged a great network of power stations, which would provide the power for modern large-scale industry. His aim was to put an electric light in every home to replace every oil lams and candles. Lenin Believed electric power would change things so much that he said, Soviet power plus electrification equals Communism. The first light bulb was fitted in 1928, which was 4 years after Lenins death in 1924. He obviously succeeded in bringing light bulbs and more electricity to Russia, but after his death. The NEP encouraged foreign countries, which had refused too trade with Soviet Russia before 1921, to resume trade links. Western countries hoped that the move back to private trade and profit capitalism meant the failure of Communist ideas. In 1921 an Anglo Soviet trade agreement marked the beginning of increased trade with the West, which gave a great boost to the Soviet economy. There were large-scale exchanges of Western industrial goods for Russian oil and similar products. The NEP Lasted until 19128 and Russia generally became more prosperous. Some of this can be pit down to the period of stability, which followed seven years of war and civil war from 1914 to 1921. But the NEP undoubtedly played a big role in improving the general economic situation. We know that between 1921 and 1928 the Agricultural and industrial production had risen considerable. But infact all that had happened was it had returned back to where it was in 1917; Lenin had not really made a big impact on the way Russia worked. After the civil war, Living conditions were still appalling, peasants hauled for their food, had no proper lighting, food was dreadful and had no washing facilities. Lenin failed to stop Stalin becoming a leader, as well as spread communism out of Russia. Yes, Agricultural and Industrial production had risen from 1921-1928, but there were only back where they had started. Lenin had not made any difference except get them back to where they started. Levels rose, yes, but only in relation with 1917, not prior to war levels, also, Stalins 5 year plans showed us that much actually did need to be done, in terms of industry and agriculture progressed but only took Russia back to pre-war levels.

Racial disparity Essay Example for Free

Racial disparity Essay Prevalence of racial disparity in the criminal justice system is most troubling and critical problem for criminal justice executives as it directly affects the people. The safety and liberty of American people depend on integrity of American justice system but racial discrimination in the criminal justice system impairs this integrity, which in turn harms American people directly. So this is the most critical dilemma facing the criminal justice system managers at present. The causes of this racial discrimination are both subtle and intricate and are not easy to locate. However it is obvious that fault does not lie with American criminal laws but these are implemented in a manner that is substantially and pervasively biased. Certain factors external to American criminal laws like personal discretion, natural proclivity and mental approach of the people that responsible to implement these laws, also collaborate rendering distortion of these laws. This institutional materialization of racial discrimination in the justice system is the most critical people predicament facing mangers of American criminal justice system. Although certain legal reform has been suggested by various sector but past history manifests that criminal justice manager cannot simply legislate to put an end to this problem. Some concrete measure should be undertaken by criminal justice manager to solve this problem rather than redefining criminal justice system.

Interior Castle Or The Mansions Theology Religion Essay

Interior Castle Or The Mansions Theology Religion Essay In both Lakoff and Johnsons Metaphors We Live By and Teresa of Avilas Interior Castle or The Mansion there is a discussion of metonymy in relation to metaphor, both of which are significant crucial concepts in St. Teresas Christian conceptual metaphorical system. Within this paper I shall formulate an argument proving that St. Teresas Christian conceptual metaphorical system is coherent and falls within Lakoff and Johnsons conceptual metaphorical systems guidelines on the grounds that Teresas system appeases Lakoff and Johnsons definitions of metaphor and metonymy and all the sub-classes. In order to validate my argument I will make reference to the Teresas Interior Castle outlining the structure of her metaphorical system by covering the metaphor and metaphor sub-classes used along with identifying the target and source domains entailed in the system. Teresas Christian conceptual metaphorical system has three primary conceptual metaphors: IN GOD, IN MANSION, and IN SOUL. Teresa uses a JOURNEY metaphor to talk about the path to achieving spiritual union with God. According to Tim Perrine, St. Teresa of Avila wrote The Interior Castle as a spiritual guide to union with God. Teresa received her inspiration for this work from a religious experience she had. God gave Teresa a vision that showed her a crystal globe that contained seven mansions within it. At the centre of the globe, residing in the deepest mansion is God. Teresa interpreted this religious experience as an allegory which reveals the way for ones soul to take a journey to achieve union with God by reaching the seventh inner most mansion. The soul must go on a journey to become united with God in the seventh mansion. Each mansion represents a step closer to reaching God or climbing another level on a ladder. The Crystal Castle with seven different mansions is a metaphor re presenting the soul. The rooms closest to the seventh were able to receive a glimpse of the essence of God which resided in the seventh room. From the outside of the Crystal Castle the lights cannot be seen because darkness and impurity surrounds the outside of the castle. If one on this journey to reach the seventh room succumbs to temptation and falls victim to the devils torment, the light that was once emanating from the seventh room where God resides will as a result of being infected by sin, disappear and the venomous animals that were once held outside the Crystal Castle by Gods divine light will be able to enter the castle. In the first mansion the concern is the souls state of purity. A soul in the first mansion is surrounded by sin and is only able to reach God by seeking his divine grace through preaching humility. The second mansion is also a mansion where one practices prayer daily. The soul can only advance on its journey by humility, recognition of God in the soul and daily prayer. The third mansion is the mansion of exemplary life whereby one has such a love for God in their soul. Their soul also truly disl ikes all form of sin and the soul has a longing to do works of charity in the name of almighty God. In the fourth mansion the soul opens itself up to God, relying on him for everything and becomes purer as God increases his influence. The fifth mansion contains the initial stage of union with God whereby the soul opens itself up to embody Gods grace in order to receive his gifts. The soul commits to marry. Teresa refers to the soul as a silkworm which feeds on the sustenance of God. The soul enters a cocoon like state in order to transform into a butterfly which embodies part of Gods divine light. In the sixth mansion the soul and God are like lovers. In this mansion the soul receives an increasing amount of favors from God but is also faced with outside afflictions. In the seventh mansion the soul succeeds on its journey to achieve spiritual marriage with God as a result of the soul acquiring clarity in prayer. When one partakes in sins their soul is unable to partake in the journe y to reach God. One must be able to acquire humility and self-knowledge to understand the works of God. Once an individual on their journey learns to truly understand humility and self-knowledge they will realize the beauty of the soul as a result of Gods light. All our goodness and that good works that come from ones good are authored by God. The strength and power of ones will is strengthened by what lays behind that door of the seventh room in the Crystal Castle. The journey inside oneself that takes place in the crystal castle is likened to degrees of prayer by Teresa. One entered within themselves and penetrates the depths of their soul while gaining perfect self-knowledge along the way which ultimately leads to one reaching the seventh room where God is waiting. One who has perfect self-knowledge is able to become unified with Gods grace through a union with him which allows those who reach the seventh room to take part in his light and love. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the soul grows and profits by its communication with God (Teresa, 23), we suffer from a self-ignorance that is curable if o ne seeks to cure it. Not enough inward reflection is given to the beauty of the soul. When one doesnt reflect upon their soul which is innate they are unable to receive gifts that soul may possess, they are unable to see who is inside the soul or how important a role the soul can play in their life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦souls without prayer are like bodies, palsied and lame, having hands and feet they cannot use.(Teresa, 43). In order to enter the castle and begin this journey into the soul one must take part in prayer and meditation. The mind must take part in this prayer, repetition praying and not taking God into consideration is not praying. Those typically found residing in the first mansion in the castle are typically those who self reflect occasionally and pray a few times a month. Usually these individuals are concerned with materialistic things. Teresa says that it is still possible for these individuals to realize the state of their soul on the road it is currently travelling and make adjustments and changes in their lives to set their soul on a positive path. Those who choose to do this begin the journey that takes place inside their soul which is referred to as the crystal or diamond castle. Those who enter the first rooms are followed by numerous venomous reptiles which are a metaphor for sin and the torments of hell. The sin of an individual creates these creatures which attempt to blind the individual from seeing the divine light of God which resides at the center of the castle in the seventh mansion When mortal sin is present in the soul it obscures Gods divine grace. Teresa uses a metaphor to describe what m ortal sin does to the soul, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the sun in the centre of the soul, which gave it such splendour and beauty, is totally eclipsed. (Teresa, 46). The soul that is in mortal sin is separated from God and no longer a part of him. It has been tainted which causes the crystal which is a metaphor for the soul to become dark and unable to reflect the bright sun. The soul is like a crystal in the sunshine over which a thick black cloth has been thrown, so that however brightly the sun may shine the crystal can never reflect it. (Teresa, 47). Crystal is used as a metaphor to refer to a tainted mortal sin soul, throwing a black cloth over a clear crystal that was once able to reflect the sun will no longer be able to do so. The meaning behind this is that sinning taints the soul and creates a disconnection between an individual and God. As long as that thick black cloth is there, the soul will not be able to experience what the bright sun representing Gods divine grace has to offer. Teresa refers to the soul as a tree which is planted by a river. The tree receives life from the sun which enables it to bear fruit. The sun is a metaphor for God and the fruit that comes from the tree are metaphors for good deeds and good actions. Thus, God is the initiator behind those good deeds. When in the first mansion within the crystal castle one is able to be humble on this journey and that one individual should only think of God when doing any good deed or action. In the second mansion one is taught how important prayer is to reach God. One must retire into them self in order to truly know thyself; without retiring into the soul to contemplate life and ones actions, heaven will always be out of their reach. In the second mansion the soul is able to take more charge on its spiritual journey. Those who reach the third mansion are those who realize the issues that arise when one trusts in their own strength. The individuals in the third mansion live a balanced life which is achieved through prayer, penance, charity, and abstaining from sin. Through this the individual is able to go farther in their spiritual journey to become a part of Gods divine grace. In this stage of the journey the individual who has been able to enter the third mansion will have their soul baptized in the Holy Spirit. As a result of this the individual on their spiritual journey has their soul opened up and is filled with the gifts God has given them through the Holy Spirit. Teresa states that An earthy king may have subjects yet all do not enter his court (Teresa, 41). This is a metaphor which refers to those disciples of God on their spiritual journey. God may have many children and followers but this does not mean everyone is granted access into his kingdom in heaven. Nor should anyone assume that because they are a follower or believer in Him that they will automatically gain access into the kingdom because of this. On the spiritual journey in the soul those who enter each mansion will learn to be jumble and realize that they are a servant of God and entering his kingdom is something one earns by journeying within oneself and joining God in the seventh mansion. Humility is the ointment for our woundsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦God, who is our Physician, will come and heal us. (Teresa, 45). Teresa uses a metaphor for humility by describing it as the ointment for our wounds; she makes a point to concentrate on humility because one should learn to be humble in order to succeed on this spiritual journey. Teresa refers to God as a physician who will heal our wounds; this metaphor is used to show that no matter what one must go through on this journey God will always be there to heal the wounds of those who seek him. On this spiritual journey in the soul one must have e an everlasting unyielding love for God. According to Teresa true love for God is one of the essential things one must learn to pay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦no attention to the weaknesses of nature which might retard us. (Teresa, 45). God will look after the individual on their spiritual journey and reward them in proportion to their great love for God. Teresa presents a metaphor of nestling baby birds that are taught by watching elder birds. Their flight makes us try to soar, like nestlings taught by the elder birds, who, though they cannot fly at first, little by little imitate their parents: I know the great benefit of this. (Teresa, 47) This metaphor is used to teach that one should not give up if they find a trial on this spiritual journey difficult, they should consult a person who is detached from the worldly things and seeks spiritual marriage with God. Just like a baby bird learning to fly is taught by the elder more experienced bir d to fly, an individual on a spiritual journey trying to reach unity with God should consult an elder who has learnt how to get through trials and tribulations in order to become one with God. Their soul is not yet strong enough and may succumb to the suffering that their soul will be exposed to during the trials on their spiritual journey. In the fourth mansion one must practice the prayer of the quiet; this prayer is quiet and passive which allows one to travel deeper on their spiritual journey in to the soul where they meet with the divine grace of God. The soul is no longer dependant on the individuals will but becomes dependant on God. The natural and supernatural meet in this mansion; the soul receives natural understanding from God, this can be thought of as the mind being impregnated with wisdom directly from the gifts of God. Teresa uses a metaphor to explain two types of prayer one will use in the fourth mansion. The metaphor uses two fountains with basins that fill with water; these fountains are filled two different ways. One fountain receives its water from a distance that travels through numerous waterworks and pipes. The other fountain receives its water directly from the source which is the spring, no machinery or aqua-ducts are needed. The water that runs through the waterworks and pipes represents sens ible devotion which is obtained through meditation. This water is obtained through the results of an individuals endeavors which are thoughts, labor of ones mind, and meditating on created things. The fountain that receives the water directly from the spring itself is a representation for God. Prayer of Quiet or divine consolation receives supernatural favors directly from God himself just like the fountain which receives water directly from the spring. This greatness from God that presents one with divine joy is presented in the soul itself according to Teresa. This transition between the two fountains represents the individual on this spiritual journey breaking away from the bonds they once had with the outside world in order to be able to enter deep prayer which focuses on the importance of love; true love that flows directly from the spring itself which is God. On page sixty-three, Teresa presents another IN metaphor. We should rather abandon our souls into the hands of God, leaving him to do as he chooses with us, as far as possible forgetting all self-interest and resigning ourselves entirely to himself. (Teresa, 63) God is a container metaphor whereby the soul which is the target domain of the source domain. The source domain is interior castle that has seven mansions one must go through in order to achieve union with God. The journey present here is a spiritual journey where the soul must enter IN the interior castle in order to become one with God through spiritual union. God is the container object in the container metaphor along w ith the interior castle which is also the container object of the container metaphor. Throughout the rest of the journey IN the interior castle the soul opens itself up to receive more gifts from God, ultimately leading up to the seventh mansion which is the mansion of spiritual marriage where the individuals soul becomes one with God through spiritual union.

Aphra Behn and the Changing Perspectives on Ian Watt’s The Rise of the

Aphra Behn and the Changing Perspectives on Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel (1957) remains one of the most influential texts in the study of the English novel. However, an increasingly strong case for a revision of both the work itself and the discourse it personifies has been gradually building over the past twenty years. While the initial stages of, first, feminist and, later, post colonial perspectives may have sought only to insert marginalised texts into the existing literary discourse, their long term ramifications are obliging a wider analysis of how we approach the English novel and the manner in which we link it to its surrounding culture. Its exploration reveals the methods with which we trace our histories, what we choose to include and exclude the positions from which we do so. A key to the structure of this discourse lies in the critical fortunes of Aphra Behn, from her feminist ‘rediscovery’ in the early eighties, through the post colonial informed revisions of the early nineties, and into th e rising push for the redefinition of literary history. The complications that have surrounded her indicate the merits and failures of the study of the novel, providing avenues for the development of the discourse as a whole. In approaching such issues one will invariably need to begin with Ian Watt. David Blewett claims that The Rise of the Novel casts a shadow â€Å"so long that general studies of the early novel are still written in its shade† (p.141). Its central â€Å"realization that the novel’s rise has long been a defining feature of the modern world† (Carnochan, p.184) seems to remain largely unchallenged. On similar terms Michael Seidal argues that ‘Watt’s greater contribution remains his ... ...t American Novel: Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko† Nineteenth-Century Fiction v38 n4 (1984) 384‑414. Todd, Janet, â€Å"Behn’s Fiction and the Restoration Letter† Eighteenth-Century Fiction v12 n2-3 (2000) 391–416. ——, The Secret Life of Aphra Behn (London: Andre’ Deutsch, 1996). Warner, William B, Licensing Entertainment: The Elevation of Novel Reading In Britain, 1684–1750 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1998). ——, â€Å"Staging Readers Reading† Eighteenth-Century Fiction v12 n2‑3 (2000) 391–416. Watt, Ian, The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding (London: Chatto and Windus, 1957). Woolf, Virginia, A Room of One’s Own (1929; rpt, Triad/Panther Books: Frogmore, 1977). Wyrick, Laura, â€Å"Facing up to the Other: Race and Ethics in Levinas and Behn† Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation v40 i3 (1999) 206‑220.

Violence In The Media :: essays research papers

Violence in the Media In the world we live in, violence is a way of life for many people. Chances are, most of the people reading this live in nice, upper-middle class suburbs, just like I do. But, just because we don't see this violence doesn't mean it doesn't happen. We all know it happens, we're not stupid, we watch the news, we read the newspaper. So why does the government try to censor violence? Why does the government try to censor sex? Is it because we can't handle it? No. I can handle it. I may be what most psychologists would call desensitized, but that doesn't mean I'm going to shoot up my junior high school. I could never do that. After all, the government has kept me away from guns. We simply aren't allowed to view violence and sex because... well, I can't think of a good reason. But, hey, at least the government sucks at censoring stuff. I'm 13 and I've seen Playboys. I've seen at least a gajillion R rated movies, and I can walk into any store in Connecticut and buy some M rated video games. You know why? No one cares anymore. They're as desensitized as we are, and that's a good thing. It is a sad fact that we find violence so entertaining, but hell, it is. I freaking love to see movies where there are more scenes of mindless violence than there are actual scenes of acting. These movies are aimed at the lowest common denominator because intelligent movie goers are as extinct as the Dodo bird. Movies like Showgirls make more money than Panther because they are more fun, not because they are better. It will always be this way. The government should not, and can not, keep us from seeing what we want to see.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just for a moment, let's pretend we live in a future where TV containing sex or violence is illegal, and so are video games and any other medium. Now, if we want to see sex, under agers are going to have sex.

The History of Computing :: Essays Papers

The History of Computing In 1842 Babbage’s Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine Convinced his machine would benefit England, Babbage applied for and received one of the first government grants to build the difference engine. Hampered by nineteenth century machine technology, cost over runs, and the possibility his chief engineer was padding the bills, Babbage completed only a portion of the difference Engine before the government with drew its support in 1842, deeming the project â€Å"worthless to science†. Meanwhile Babbage had conceived of the idea of a more advanced â€Å"analytical engine†. In essence, this was a general-purpose computer that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide in automatic sequence at a rate of 60 additions per second. His 1833 design, which called for thousands of gears and drives, would cover the area of a football field and be powered by a locomotive engine. Babbage worked on this project until his death. In 1991 London’s Science Museum spen t $600,000 to build a working model of the difference engine, using Babbage’s original plans. The result stands 6 feet high, 10 feet long, contains 4000 parts, and weighs 3 tons. The Honeywell 400 and the second Generation of Computers. The invention of the transistor signaled the start of the second generation of computers (1959-1964). Transistorized computers were more powerful, more reliable, less expensive, and cooler to operate that their vacuum-tubed predecessors. Honeywell established itself as a major player in the second generation of computers. Burroughs, Univac, NCR, CDC, and Honeywell IBM’s biggest competitors during the 1960s and early 1970s became as the BUNCH. The IBM system 360 and the third generation of computers. The third generation was characterized by computers built around integrated circuits. Of these, some historians consider IBM’s system 30 line of computers, introduced in 1963, the single most important innovation in the history of computers. System 360 was conceived as a family of computers with upwards compatibility; when a company outgrew one model it could move up to the next model without worrying about converting its data. System 360 and the other lines built around intergraded circuits made all previous computers obsolete, but the advantages were so grate that most users wrote the costs of conversion off as the price of progress. In the early 1960’s, Dr thoms Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny of Darmouth College began develoing a programming language that a beginner could learn and use quickly. Their work culminated in 1964 with BASIC.

India and Different Religions

Unity in Diversity in India India is probable the only country in the world where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA. They are one nation at large. They are governed by one central authority, have one Prime Minister, one president, one Supreme Court and one army chief. This is why we say we have unity in diversity.Geographically India is a vast country so much so that even one of its states in bigger than many countries of Europe. But the whole country is well bounded by nature. In the north is the Himalayan Range. On the other side is the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. This provides, natural geographical unity to INDIA we have different religions in India. Apart from Hinduism we have the foll owers of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Parsees. But Hindus form the greater majority. There are, no doubt, different factions, sections and sub-section but basically we all believe in the theory of Dharma and Karma.The theory of rebirth, purification of soul, salvation, Heaven and Hell holds good for each and every one. We untidily celebrate the festivals like Holy, Diwali, Charismas, Budh Jayanthi and Mahavir Jayanthi. This provides unity in diversity. India philosophy has developed on India soil. It has not been borrowed from anywhere. This has blended the various cultures together. There are differences in overall conception of gods, and modes of worship. These changes have been gradual due to interaction of different groups. But the ultimate aim of achieving salvation and the fear of Hell keeps them all bound together.Very important characteristic of Indian society is the coexistence of different ethnic groups. These groups formulated inter-group behavior. Hence there is no mutual interference as also no merging of their identity. There might be some drawback in our constitution such as separate provision for different castes; particularly the backward and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes but industrialization policy and agrarian reforms have generated a new secular outlook giving rise to a new culture. Members of different castes and communities and followers of different religions have come together in forms, factories and educational institution.As a result different cultures have been blended together thereby bringing unity among them. We have a cultural unity in India in as much as our philosophy of life, our customs, creeds and traditions are basically, more or less, the same. The institution of marriage, the very foundation of a society, exists all over the country and most of the rituals and sanskars are similar everywhere. Emotional unity plays its own part. The name of Bharat Mata brings us closer and closer together. I n spite of different languages and dialects, Sanskrit, the language of Vedas, brings us all together because Sanskrit is the mother of all languages.The outstanding features of Indian culture responsible for bringing unity in diversity may be summarized as follows: (a) We Indians lay emphasis on spirituality, not on material wealth. (b) Religion has the most important place in India. We believe in Karma and Sanskar. Performance of duty is our religion. (c) Religion tolerance is the unique feature of religions in India. Hence there is no difficulty in coexistence of follower of different religion. (d) Hinduism, which forms majority of the population, has the capacity to absorb all good cultures. It has either absorbed the immigrant cultures or has largely influenced them. e) We have a very broad outlook. We preach and follow religion and spiritualism without ignoring married life and worldly things. (f) We firmly believe in freedom of thought and freedom of expression because such fr eedom enriches the culture which then becomes dynamic. Although unity to the desired extent has not been attained but all attempts by foreign agencies to disrupt it or disprove it have proved futile. We might be subject to regionalism and casteism in trifling matters but we always rise to the occasion in times of need such as foreign interference or invasion on our territory. This is sufficient to prove our unity in diversity.

Age of the Common Man

The time period that is often looked upon to recognize dramatic political, social, and economic advancements and uprising opportunities is within the period of Andrew Jackson's presidency. This period in history is known as the Age of the Common Man or the era of the Jackson Democracy. The common man often referred to any white male of this time period regardless of social rank.During these times the alterations made in politics coextensively Impacted social and economical Improvements. By establishing a relationship with the common man, Andrew Jackson endorsed democracy and opportunities for American white males through economic polices and political opportunities. Politically, Jackson's presidency was a dramatic time for the common man to expand and Increasingly become more Involved. During the Jackson democracy era, many aspects of who could vote began to alter.For Instance,Jackson promoted the system of rotation, affirming a democratic Ideal that one man Is as good as the next, i nstigating more involvement from the common man within all aspects of government concerns. The system of rotation was a great help in establishing the two yester party, that would separate political views and allow multiple outlooks to become options for government officials. Andrew Jackson also, initiated nominating conventions, replacing caucuses, enabling party-politicians and voters to be all white males.The common man now had the opportunity to gather in large meeting halls to nominate party's candidates with others, such as the Anti-Mason's who generated a more democratic idea among the average man. From one end of the country to the other, all white males were being promoted to vote regardless of their social class or religion. Another exemplified alteration came from Jackson vetoing the bank- researcher bill, vilifying the national bank as an exclusive cartel manipulating the common man in order to endow the wealthy and foreign parties.As one can tell, Jackson strategically modified the guidelines of suffrage in order to benefit white males by creating democratic possibilities and ideals. Economically, the common man had a multitude of opportunities to prosper through new efficient democratic changes made by Andrew Jackson. To start, Jackson signed a plethora of treaties between 1814 and 1824, the most common was the ready of 1814. These treaties basically were a form of bribery with the Natives, confirming his dedication to generating more opportunities for white men.It worked as more natives would question security, Jackson would offer them what seemed Like a more reasonable dispute of security, compelling the Natives to sign additional treaties for a new cushion over and over, constantly removing them from land that Jackson would give to white male opportunists. Especially those who desired the creation of profitable plantation In the south because the land Jackson was planning room Natives was a perfect place for plantation owners to focus on the C otton Kingdom.Not only did multiple treaties go forth In removing natives from their homeland, but as well as the Indian Removal Act, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Trail of Tears, etc. By dehumidifying Indians, Jackson expanded democracy and opportunity emphasized the importance of the two party system. During Jackson's election in 1832 versus Clay, his supporters were democrats, who favored equal economic opportunities for white males, opposed to the competing Whig party. President Jackson's reelection provoked his followed to strive for the common man during his term.Evidently, Jackson conveyed multiple actions to address his drive to advance the everyday man in economical situations through democracy changes and new opportunities. It is clear that the connection and devotion Andrew Jackson made to conform the common man promoted the expansion of democracy and opportunities for American white males, by altering economic policies and political opportunities. Jackson was a political opp ortunist exploiting democratic measures, encouraging the self-made man, the real hero of the age.

Poor Intercultural Communication That Significantly Affected International Commerce or Foreign Policy Essay

In the following paper, I will analyze one of my habits and how the habit was developed. I will discuss whether or not there were role models during the formation of this habit and which, if any, people influenced the adoption of this habit. If I continue this habit and if there has ever been a time when I have attempted to break this habit will be analyzed as well. The behavioral personality theory will be used to explain why I formed this habit. I will describe components of social and cognitive theory and explain why the habit formed. I will also develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. In conclusion, I will discuss which theory best explains my personality. When I was an adolescent child I remember absolutely despising three things in life, littering, drunk- people, and smoking, usually in that specified order too, smoking obviously being my least favorite of the three. It seemed like everyone I knew smoked, my entire family, including parents and grandparents, my cousins, even my friend’s parents, I didn’t understand why either. Wherever I went, whosever house, home, or vehicle I was in, friend or family, it was always filled with smoke, I hated that smell! I couldn’t seem to escape it, and whenever they smoked it was constantly in my face and eyes. I vowed then and there to never ever smoke, no matter what life occurrences transpire. When I turned sixteen, I started smoking. At first, I think I just enjoyed the so-called â€Å"buzz† from the nicotine rush when someone first begins smoking, we were young teenagers full of angst and rebelliousness, experimenting and trying new things and experiences. I was still underage so it was still illegal for me to buy or possess cigarettes, but teenagers are resourceful when it comes to these matters. Since everyone else was doing it I never looked-up-to any one person or had any specific role models, it was just normal behavior at that time and place. Within the first six months is when I realized I was probably addicted to the nicotine, and didn’t really find smoking as enjoyable. I didn’t exactly dislike smoking anymore, and I was fully aware or the dangers, but I think the most influential aspect was just my friends, it wasn’t peer-pressure, I just didn’t want to feel left out. I currently smoke, much less now than ever before, but I is still do enjoy the relaxing effects of cigarettes. I have quit several times throughout my life, but not from any gum, patches, or assistance programs, just sheer will power. When I was nineteen, I got so angry at myself for constantly smoking non-stop, I finally threw my packs in the trash and said told myself, â€Å"This is enough! † It was nearly three years later, after being cigarette-free for this entire duration, when I was paying for gas inside a convenience store and noticed my old brand behind the counter, staring me in the face of course, I decided to try it once more, and I have continued smoking ever since. Health psychology looks at the complex array of biological, social and psychological factors that influence our health and illness-related behavior. Smoking is a biological addiction, with nicotine as an additive, there is more likely a chance of being â€Å"hooked† on cigarettes than the physical addiction to nicotine. When people want to quit, they also have a psychological habit to break. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors, famous people, or athletes. This can lead us to emulate their behavior and try smoking. There is an almost immediate effect on our brains with those first cigarettes, so we keep smoking to get this reward. Later we learn to associate smoking with other activities such as drinking coffee, going to the bar or club, or consuming alcohol etc. We can become conditioned so just the thought of the activity triggers the need for a cigarette, just like Pavlov’s dogs learned to drool at the sound of a bell. These psychological associations remain when smokers try to quit. Finally, you learn to keep smoking, because if you try to quit you are punished by withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability, snappiness, or lack of concentration. Allowing oneself to have a cigarette gets rid of these symptoms, negatively reinforcing the desire to carry on smoking. Such conditioning keeps you hooked on smoking because the reward when you smoke is instant, whereas it takes years before you become aware of the damage in terms of your health. Similarly, when you try to quit, the ‘punishment’ of withdrawal symptoms comes quickly, whereas the benefits of better health take longer to realize. â€Å"Smoking: psychological and social influences,† ). Nearly all of my friends and I were raised in a home with cigarette addicts, we were exposed to the behaviors, values, and beliefs that have supported the addictive behaviors of these parents or caretakers. As a result, these learned addictive behaviors were incorporated into our cognitive processes, they became virtually subconscious thoughts and left us with a distorted sense of normalcy concerning family function and a full repertoire for justifying our own substance abuse and future addictions. Being raised in such environments as we were, I think may have also contributed to us becoming more likely to develop our individual behaviors which allowed us, or deemed us enablers for other substance abusers or addicts. Whether or not cigarettes are legal, they do contain drugs and additives, and in my opinion the addiction to, or use of these products should still be classified as substance abuse. I want to quit smoking before it is too late and I face serious health consequences as a result, so I have devised a few operant conditioning techniques to limit my personal intake. The first technique I used, which did not last long, was a contingency plan between myself, and one of my roommates, where we put a decently reasonable and affordable amount of money into a collective jar throughout a given week, whichever one of us did not smoke that week received all of the money back, providing positive reinforcement. This attempt failed miserably because of actual cost and affordability reasons. Another positive reinforcement technique I used was a self-rewards plan, where I would allow myself to eat or consume something delicious, watch a television program or movie, or perform an activity I thoroughly enjoy if I don’t smoke, and if I slipped up, I had to deny myself these simple pleasures. Another good technique my father taught me, which is negative, is immediate punishment. This is a very effective way to help me unlearn my behavior. I sometimes keep a rubber band on my wrist. Before I start smoking that cigarette, I snap it against my wrist as painfully as possible right after I light it, and again after I finish. This provides an unpleasant consequence to smoking in the form of pain which makes smoking a much less appealing practice. Although it does not cause great pain, which I seem to have a high tolerance to, it seems to work well. There are other pain inducing negative reinforcement techniques I sometimes use, but I chose to explain this one since the others are a bit extreme. Although my habitual behavior coincides and plays an important role with my personality, it is apparent both theories are relevant. I think the social/cognitive theory best explains my habitual behavior and tendencies, in terms of the environment I was raised in and the exposure I had to others and my surroundings, but my personality is still more behavior theory based and related. In writing and researching this paper, I discovered some different yet knowledgeable approaches to forming habits and how one of my own personal habits may have been formed. I have also found some techniques which will hopefully help me break free of this wretched and unhealthy habit in the not too distant future before any health complications arise.

Globalization of Levi Strauss Essay

Globalization is a necessary evil that allows business to make huge profits and third-world countries to begin creating a free market economy. While it seems that globalization may be a solution to the problem of poverty and starvation for some people, it may also contribute to issues such as child labor, discrimination, exploitation and health and safety issues for people working in developing countries. Since U.S. laws do not apply to American companies operating in foreign countries, these companies have an ethical responsibility to create codes of conduct to govern the way they treat people and conduct business overseas. Levi Strauss & Co. has been a leader in corporate and social responsibility; the first multinational company to create a code of conduct for their international facilities, business partners and suppliers (History, 2009). Levi Strauss & Co. was founded in 1853, by a Levi Strauss, an immigrant from Bavaria and Jacob Davis, a tailor from Reno, Nevada. The two men patented the riveted-pocket work pants and began the multi-million dollar company that it is today. LS&Co. was developed on Levi Strauss’s high morals and values: empathy, originality, integrity and courage, and continues to operate under these core values today (History, 2009). The company is well known for its corporate social responsibility and has been recognized and rewarded for its ethical conduct. In 1965, as demands for the clothing began to grow world-wide, LS&Co. established Levi Strauss International and Levi Strauss Far East, allowing them to manufacture and sell products in Europe and Asia. In 1971, the company opened a facility in Japan, which became the company’s first official entry into Asia. Today, the company employs over 11,000 people around the world, with 4,700 employees in the Americas, 4,400 in Europe and 2,300 in Asia Pacific (History, 2009). While globalization increased profits for the company, ethical issues also began to become more evident. In order to uphold the values that the company was founded on, the company would have  to create ethical guidelines for international operations. In 1991, Levi Strauss & Co. was the first multi-national company to develop a code of ethics for its international business partners and suppliers. The Levi Strauss & Co. Global Sourcing Guidelines were designed to ensure that all LS&Co. facilities worldwide, as well as suppliers and business partners, conducted business in ethically and socially responsible ways (Solomon, 1996). Requiring their business partners and suppliers to follow the company code of conduct protected the employees in developing countries who could easily be exploited, and it protected the company’s reputation, which would also contribute to their success. This code of conduct was developed in order to avoid or eliminate some of the most common ethical dilemmas associated with globalization. In order to maintain contracts with LS&Co., suppliers agreed to provide workers with fair wages, a safe and healthy working environment and abide by the laws and regulations that govern the country and industry. Suppliers would also prohibit the use of child or forced labor, discrimination and forms of inhumane disciplinary practices (Solomon, 1996). While globalization helps developing countries to build free market economies, it also presents many ethical dilemmas, as huge companies profit from the desperate need for work in poor countries (Dickey, 2002). Since ethical issues can be viewed differently by different cultures, developing global business ethics can be difficult. For example, many western cultures may view child labor as a necessary, and accepted, source of income for many families, but many Americans and other western cultures see child labor as abuse. When Levi Strauss & Co. learned that two of its suppliers were using child labor in Bangladesh, they had a moral dilemma. The families of the working children relied heavily on their incomes, so firing them might create a major hardship on the children and their families, or even force the children to look for more inhumane sources of income, such as prostitution or begging (Solomon, 1996). LS&Co. looked for more creative ways to solve the problem, and came up with a solution that would benefit everyone. Their suppliers agreed to continue paying the children under age 14 while they attended school, and LS&Co. paid for tuition, books and  uniforms, then when the children turned 14, they could be rehired by the company (Solomon, 1996). This solution created no financial hardship for the children and families who would otherwise lose their income, and allowed them to receive an education, as children should. Levi Strauss & Co. has also faced other ethical issues overseas, and taken a responsible approach to resolving the problem. In 1998, for example, they decided to close the factories in Belgium, but worried that the loss of over 1,000 jobs might devastate the Belgian economy. In order to avoid financial hardship for the community, and stimulate employment, LS&Co. decided to pay each employee a farewell bonus of $13,201, and an additional $4,950 to all employees who found employment within four months. They also agreed to pay employees who decided to receive training instead of work $330 per month for six months, and employees who did not work received $90 per month for three years. Considering the average annual salary for Belgian workers was between $2,000 and $3,000, this bonus was more than fair to the employees who had been laid off. Levi Strauss & Co. continued to contribute to the Belgian economy to make sure that the market would remain stable and keep the unemployed from going into poverty (Bennett, 2008). That year, they contributed $78,560 to programs that encouraged education, training, workforce development, small businesses, life skills training and financial literacy to the Belgian economy, in the belief that â€Å"economic development extends beyond the workplace†¦and in order for an economy to thrive, the community must be able to support it† (Bennett, 2008, p.4). Levi Strauss & Co. has been a leader in corporate social responsibility and one of the first multi-national companies to develop a code of conduct for global business ethics. The company continues to demonstrate their values of empathy, originality, integrity and courage while operating in all countries, and requires the same of their suppliers and business partners. Their creative solutions to common ethical dilemmas in developing countries, such as child labor and layoffs, and their continued efforts to contribute to the economies of the developing countries they operate in, sets a powerful example for multinational corporations to follow. Even though globalization can provide an income for people who might otherwise starve to  death, it can also lead to ethical and moral problems such as child labor, low wages and hazardous working conditions. While it is not illegal, or unethical, for companies to operate overseas, they do have an ethical responsibility to deal with ethical dilemmas in a responsible and socially acceptable manner. References Bennett, D. (2008). Globalization and blue jeans. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Associated Content: http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/896109/globalization_and_blue_jeans.html?cat=17 Dickey, F. (2002). Levi Strauss and the price we pay. Retrieved May 22, 2010, from Mindfully.org: http://www.mindfully.org/WTO/Levi-Strauss-Globalization1dec02.htm History. (2009). Retrieved May 22, 2010, from Levi Strauss & Co.: http://www.levistrauss.co.za/Heritage/History.aspx Solomon, C. M. (1996). Put your ethics to a global test. Personnel Journal, 75(1). Human Resources Abstracts. Retrieved May 22, 2010 from EBSCOhost.