Stats16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stats16 - Essay Example Answer True False   Question 5    If other factors are held constant, then increasing the sample standard deviation will increase the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis. Answer True False   Question 6    If all other factors are held constant, increasing the sample size from n = 25 to n = 100 will increase the power of a statistical test. Answer True False   Question 7    By selecting a smaller alpha level, a researcher is ___. Answer a. attempting to make it easier to reject H 0 b. better able to detect a treatment effect c. reducing the risk of a Type I error d. All of the above.   Question 8    The critical boundaries for a hypothesis test are z = +1.96 and -1.96. If the z-score for the sample data is z = -1.90, then what is the correct statistical decision? Answer a. Fail to reject H 1. b. Fail to reject H 0. c. Reject H 1. d. Reject H 0.   Question 9    Increasing the alpha level (for example, from ? = .01 to ? = .05) ____. Answer a. increases the pr obability of a Type I error b. increases the size of the critical region c. increases the probability that the sample will fall into the critical region d. All of the above    Question 10    In a hypothesis test, an extreme z-score value, like z = +3 or z = +4, ____. Answer a. is probably in the critical region b. means that you should probably reject the null hypothesis c. ... concluded that a treatment has no effect when it really does d. concluded that a treatment has an effect when it really has no effect   Question 12    A Type I error means that a researcher has ____. Answer a. concluded that a treatment has an effect when it really does b. concluded that a treatment has no effect when it really has no effect c. concluded that a treatment has no effect when it really does d. concluded that a treatment has an effect when it really has no effect   Question 13    A researcher risks a Type I error ____. Answer a. anytime H 0 is rejected b. anytime H 1 is rejected c. anytime the decision is "fail to reject H 0" d. All of the other options are correct.    Question 14    A researcher conducts a hypothesis test to evaluate the effect of a treatment. The hypothesis test produces a z-score of z = ?2.60. Assuming that the researcher is using a two-tailed test, what is the correct statistical decision? Answer a. Reject the null hypothesis with ? = .05 but not with ? = .01. b. Reject the null hypothesis with either ? = .05 or ? = .01. c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis with either ? = .05 or ? = .01. d. cannot answer without additional information   Question 15    A researcher uses a hypothesis test to evaluate H 0 ? = 80. Which combination of factors is most likely to result in rejecting the null hypothesis? Answer a. M = 85 and ? = 10 b. M = 85 and ? = 20 c. M = 90 and ? = 10 d. M = 90 and ? = 20   Question 16    A researcher uses a hypothesis test to evaluate H 0 ? = 80. Which combination of factors is most likely to result in rejecting the null hypothesis? Answer a. M = 85 and n = 10 b. M = 85 and n = 20 c. M = 90 and n = 10 d. M = 90 and n = 20   Question 17    A researcher uses a hypothesis test to evaluate H 0 ?= 80. Which

Financial Markets and Institutions homework Assignment

Financial Markets and Institutions homework - Assignment Example The lenders earn interest as a return on the loan. However, the individuals also use bond markets to obtain loans, but it is a rare practice. The final type of financial market is the arena where currencies are swapped in order to fulfill the demand of a particular currency. The price of a currency is determined by finding out its demand curve’s interaction point with another one. The price of highly demanded currencies such as the American dollar, the English Pound, and Euro has been known to dominate others. The trick is to lower the interest in the country so that the currency does not face substantial level of devaluation, and therefore, its demand remains stable in the market. At the same time, all of the financial markets operate in order to facilitate exchange of money by bounding borrowers with contractual obligations to keep their part of the bargain. The accumulation of money into a few hand invite stagnation, and therefore, it is imperative to keep funds afloat in order to drive down the level of income disparity in the economy. The financial markets work to convert savings into investments, and as a result, the companies consistently create wealth. The network of financial markets is globally integrated, and transferring money from one economy to another is a matter of a few minutes nowadays. The financial markets create efficiency in the economie s by helping investors in shifting their financial resources into the financial system that offers higher returns. The progressive countries are always looking to make their economies suitable for foreign investors in order to have surplus monetary resources at the disposal of the local population (Alfaro, Chanda, Kalemli-Ozcanc, & Sayek, 2004). In this way, better use of money takes place. The fundamental form of a financial intermediary is packed in the shape of a bank because it brings savers and borrowers together

The Problem with Polygamy in Indonesia Essay Example for Free

The Problem with Polygamy in Indonesia Essay Introduction Polygamy in Indonesia is legal. A man is permitted to have as many as four wives under the Muslim law. But Despite the low incident of polygamy in Indonesia, it has been a central issue in relations between the Indonesia women, and the state in the twentieth century. Indonesia women’s organizations have long wanted the state to legislate on this matter, yet it was most reluctant to do so until the passage of the marriage Law in 1974. After that the fire went out of the issue as far as women’s organizations were concerned, although â€Å"in very recent years† there has been a revival of interest. With respect to marital status, the census report stated that â€Å"among Indonesians† 75% of the adults’ males, and 68% of the adults’ females were married. However the number of married females was higher than the number of married adult males. The difference, amounting to 424,588 persons was in part due to the existence of polygamy. For Indonesia, approximately 25 % of the men had more than one wife (Salim 9). Why Polygamy Is Considered Wrong In Indonesia Indonesia women’s concern about polygamy are a complex mixture, touching on economic, emotional, social, sexual, moral, legal and religious aspect of marriage. The core of women’s concern was the threat of polygamy to a wife’s love and self esteem. Men have been given power to do what they want yet women are the ones suffering. When a husband took what is almost a younger girl as a new wife, repugnance at having to share a husbands sexual life with another women, and the threat to the economic basis of marriage when resources had to be spread amongst more wives and children. Women in a polygamous marriage always feel inferior towards other women in the same marriage and it often lead to jealousy, frustration and at times death (Day 28-29). Why Some Women Still Prefer Polygamy Relationships Some women still prefer polygamous relationship, if the man they are involved is a person of high position in a society. Sometimes you will hear women saying that it’s better to be married as a third wife to a rich man than a first wife to a poor man. That’s why at times you find women getting into these unions, maybe because of money, or a high position that a man holds. Women have been known to be associated in this form of relationship without caring. We can conclude that this mostly happens due to marriage security purposes (Survival). Better incomes would mean that these women could get married according to their choice and reduce the economic pressure experienced by women and children in polygamous marriages. Is Polygamy Related To Gender Discrimination In Indonesia? Ant-polygamist in Indonesia view polygamy as fundamentally undemocratic institution that perpetuates the subordination of women to men, and violates women’s basic rights. Unlike other issues, polygamy touches on a range of issues relating to gender difference, most particularly that of power within marriage. The practice of multiple marriages occurs only in families where the husband holds tremendous power, while the wife and children are in a powerless position. In other words, it is seen as a form of violence against women and children, and that Indonesia law continues to discriminate against women in allowing polygamy to exist in any form. Why should a man be privileged to have more than one legal sexual partner while women were prevented to have more than one legal sexual partner? Women in these relationships are also prevented from getting out of this relationship in case of violence, due to lack of immediate access to divorce (Susan 110-113). Conclusion Throughout the years, education and legal reforms have been regarded by most interested parties as the best ways of dealing with the problems associated with polygamy. They are viewed as the best in addressing the social causes and consequences. Since the state is heavily involved in education and legislation, it clearly has a role to play in dealing with the polygamy menace. Work Cited Day, Tony. Identifying with Freedom: Indonesia after Suharto. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007. Print. Susan Blackburn. Women and the State in Modern Indonesia. UK: Cambridge University Press 2004 .print Salim, Arskal. Sharia and Politics in Modern Indonesia. Singapore: Inst. of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003. Print.

Rising Costs of the Retail and Funeral Industry

Rising Costs of the Retail and Funeral Industry The retail industry feeds more than 64 million people every day in UK. The retail sales account for  £177.5bn makes 51% contribution to UK economy. It employs 3.8 million people make up 14% employment in UK (IGD, 2015). Figure: Total Retail Spend by Category (Retail Economics, 2016). As the figure shows, the retail industry can divided into several categories. The largest part is food retailer. Clothing also plays an important part in retailer industry. Moreover, the online retailer becomes more and more popular (Retail Economics, 2016). With the development of the technology, the manufacturers have increased labour productivity by 20.7% in the last 10 years while the productivity of the agricultural industry has risen by 20% in the last 25 years (IGD, 2015). Another main growth of the retail industry is depends on the consumer spending. The consumer will be attracted by the discount and the good service. There are a great number of researches to distinguish groups by using different retail strategy. For large business, it has enough finance and ability to achieve economic of scales. Therefore, low cost strategy may be better. For small business, the customer service and product specialization or customization rather than low price may be widely accepted (Megicks, 2011). The SMEs in retail industry are more than any other industry arrives to 318,470 (IGD, 2015). Tesco is the largest retailer in UK consists of  £54.433 million sales. Sainsbury, ASDA is also larger include around 23 million compared with others. Over the years, the market share of the biggest companies in the industry dropped while the discount retailers such as Aldi and Lidl had a really significant growth (Source). Retail: IGD (2015). THE UKS FOOD AND GROCERY INDUSTRY. Available at: 2015http://www.igd.com/Documents/Other%20downloads/Grocery%20Industry%20A5%20booklet%20update%20online%20version.pdf Phil Megicks (2001) Competitive strategy types in the UK independent retail sector, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 9:4, 315-328, [Online] Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09652540110079029?needAccess=true Retail Economics (2016) UK Retail Sales http://www.retaileconomics.co.uk/download/Sample%20-%20UK%20Retail%20Sales.pdf Around  £1billion was estimated to be gained with over 600,000 funerals taking place in UK funeral market annually (UK Funerals Online). The price is varies enormously due to the Funeral directors professionalism. The industry is worth  £1.7bn every year. According to the Office for National Statistics, The death rate rose at its fastest pace since 1968 (Financial Times, 2016). The death rate in the United Kingdom increased in 2012-2013 also supported the industry growth (IBISWorld, 2016). The two UK market leaders of funeral group are the Co-operative Group (CWS Ltd) and Dignity Caring Funeral Services (Dignity Plc). The Co-operative Group (CWS Ltd) has over 675 branches across the UK and conducts around 90,000 funerals a year. They also own the North Eastern Co-operative. Dignity has just over 500 branches and conducts 75,000 funerals a year. They together control over 25 per cent of the market (UK Funerals Online). The rest of the funeral company is largely made up of small, independent businesses. According to the line chart, the price of the funeral has increased year by year. The Co-operative Group reported a 9.9 per cent rise in funeral sales while Dignity, the only listed UK funeral services company said the pre-tax profits had grown by almost a quarter for 2015. These two main companies controlled about 30 per cent of the market shares. According to market analysts IBISworld, the industry is predicted to expand by 2.9 per cent in 2016 (Financial Times, 2016). Figure: The rising cost of a funeral (Financial Times, 2016). Funeral: UK Funerals Online (no time). The UK Funeral Industry. Available at: http://www.uk-funerals.co.uk/funeral-industry.html IBISWorld (2016) Funeral Activities Market Research Report. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.co.uk/market-research/funeral-activities.html Financial Times (2016). Funeral business reaps profits as UK death rate soars. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/b6053e72-fd8b-11e5-b3f6-11d5706b613b The UK insurance industry the largest in Europe and the third largest in the world, it plays an essential part in the UKs economy, managing investments of over  £1.9 trillion. It also makes  £29 billion contribution to GDP in 2012 and employs around 344,000 individuals (Association of British Insurance, 2014). Insurance is a contract which represented by a policy for individuals or entity to seek financial protection from an insurance company (investopedia). For insurance industry, there are different types of insurance such as auto insurance, home insurance, health insurance and medical care (All Kinds of Insurance, 2017). The main player includes Legal General, Aviva and Prudential. Aviva is the UKs largest insurer by providing insurance, savings and investment products to around 31 million customers worldwide. Aviva aims to builds positive contribution to society to accomplish sustainable business and powerful brand. The Legal General over 175 years aiming to provide best possible product s as well as clear and fair service to make sure the safe pair of hands of money. For Prudential, it manage  £562 billion of assets to serve around 24 million customers. It has a long-established leading provider of life and pensions in UK and the assets excess of  £255.4 billion. Insurance: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance.asp All Kinds of Insurance (2017). Available at: http://allkindsofinsurance.com/ Association of British Insurance (2014) Statistics. Available at: https://www.abi.org.uk/Insurance-and-savings/Industry-data https://www.pru.co.uk/about/ http://www.aviva.co.uk/about-us/ https://www.legalandgeneral.com/about-us/

Fate :: essays research papers

FATE (Explain the line, “Fate will unwind as it must.';)in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The line, “Fate will unwind as it must,'; (284) not only shows that the people believed they had no control of their destiny, but it is also relevant that Paganism was a significant part of their every day life. There are many illustrations throughout the poem Beowulf, that portray the importance of fate to the people. Often, the word fate was used as a way of showing the outcome of what has already come about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate was a way of saying that the people’s destiny was already chosen, that they had no control, but everything would turn out as it should. For example, “But fate, that night, intended Grendel to gnaw the broken bones of his last human supper,'; (309-310). This is a way of foreshadowing the fate, or destiny, or Grendel’s life. During the Last Battle, Beowulf replies “I mean to stand, not run from his shooting flames, stand till fate decides which of us wins,'; (637-639). He acted as though everything that he has gone through so far in his life, was in the hands of fate, and would continue to be until his time was over. Whatever came out of this battle, was meant to be and there was nothing that was going to change it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate is related to the Pagan religion. Paganism was the religion that was most often used during the time of Beowulf. It is referred to every time fate is mentioned, because they didn’t believe in one God and thought that fate had control over them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate was also used as saying the outcome of something that had already come about. For example, on line 46, Hrothgar mourns over the fate of his companions, “Hrothgar, their lord, sat joyless in Herot, a mighty prince mourning the fate of his lost friends and companions.'; Here it is used as a way of saying their lives had already ended.

The True Story of Christopher Columbus Essay -- History, Discovery

He discovered the Americas. He started the first colony in the new world. He thought he was in Asia. Who is this brave explorer? Christopher Columbus. Smart and Wise Christopher Columbus was during his voyages. Christopher Columbus’s birth date is unknown but believed to be between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Genoa, Italy (Columbus, â€Å"Early Years of Boyhood† par 1-3). His parents were Domenico Columbo and Susanna Fontanarossa (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography and Life Story† par 1). Christopher Was the oldest of five (Columbus, â€Å"Early Years of Boyhood† par 1-3). His brothers were Bartolomew, Giovanni, Pelligrino, and Giacomo (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography and Life Story† par 1). His fauther was a wool weaver who had Christopher help him. Later Christopher got a job of sailing on trade ships to Asia (â€Å"Christopher Columbus† par 1-4). Christopher as a boy always wanted to sail. He decided to find a shorter way to travel to Asia. Doing this he would become wealthy, spread the word of Christ, and to become famous (â€Å"Christopher Columbus† par 1-4). He sent Bartolomew to try to get support from England and Spain to allow the voyage but, they were denied. Then when Spain defeated Granada in 1492, Luis de Sontangel who was a royal treasurer convinced Queen Isabella that she was missing a great opportunity. Finally in April of 1492 Christopher Columbus received royal approval for the voyage (Columbus, â€Å"Success in Spain† par 1). Then on May 20, 1506 Christopher Columbus died (â€Å"The Journal of the Admiral of the Ocean Sea†, November 7, 1504 par 2). Besides all of the waiting for royal permission Christopher made some great discoveries. On Christopher’s first voyage he was sailing for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isab... ... He had really no impact on the world then because nobody knew he had discovered a new continent (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography† par 4). People have tried to search for the shipwrecks of Capitana and San Juan but have had no luck (Columbus’s lost ships, â€Å"The Capitana and San Juan 1503-1504†). Christopher did make a sacrifice of leaving 40 men behind to start a colony, but all those ended up being killed by Indians (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Second Voyage†) par 3). The discovery led to an age of exploration and conquering. It always showed that the world was a lot bigger than everyone thought (Levinson 99-100). After a decade passed after the death of Christopher Columbus the whole coast from Honduras to Prenambuco had been mapped (â€Å"Christopher Columbus and The Spanish Empire† par 15). So Columbus really made a important discovery but never lived to know it.

Film Review: Stella Dallas

Sophia Sullivan FLM2009-630: The Art of Film M. Brown Melodrama Stella Dallas (1937) Dir. King Vidor. Starring: Barbara Stanwyck, John Boles, Anne Shirley, Barbara O’Neil, Alan Hale. MGM (DVD) This film follows our protagonist, Stella (Barbara Stanwyck) through her journey of courtship, marriage to loss. Stella sneaks her way into meeting Stephen Dallas (John Boles) after finding out in a tabloid magazine article about his family fortune being loss and him ending his engagement to Helen (Barbara O’Neil) the socialite.Stella’s complete devotion to her daughter Laurel (Anne Shirley) and her reluctance to change who she is, keeps her from moving to New York with her newly promoted husband Stephen (John Boles). Living separate lives, not completely confessing to the fact that the couple was what would currently be called â€Å"legally separated† due to probable censors. The film’s thematic of maternal sacrifice and the loneliness, devotion of the film c ause this movie to become what is known in the film industry as a â€Å"Weepie†.The Mise-en-scene of the film is predominantly domestic and focused on the excesses of interiors and Stella’s outlandish fashions. The film cannot be categorized as realistic, even though it seems naturalistic at times. The storytelling of Stella’s constant journey to better her life and that of Laurel’s, is purely stylized. Stella’s persona sticks out like a sore thumb against the socialite circles, dressing in the eccentric fashions she deems as stylish, speaking too loud, not fitting into the lady-like deportment her husband demanded.This being the mother ship of all maternal melodramas, Stella sets a mold for the many to follow. The constant waves of swoony and dramatic music create an emotional musical blanket throughout the film. Setting the moods in the scenes from happy to sad with one wave of the conductor’s hand. The acting at times seemed unnatural and campy, like a modern day Soap Opera. The lives and differences of the social classes in this film was popular at the time. I guess being that a large percentage of the populace were currently lower to middle class Americans.The theater was the ultimate form of escapism to the masses. The melodrama was a peephole of sorts into the gorgeous and painfully dramatic lives of the wealthy. Stella ends up making the definitive maternal sacrifice at the end of the film. She turns her daughter against her to guarantee her daughter the future she herself wanted one time, forsaking her own happiness. To give up a child so that child could be happy is a dreadfully painful sacrifice to any loving mother.In the final scene of the film, Stella watching with the crowd outside the window of Stephen’s new home, as their daughter weds into a wealthy family. Laurel now is not associated with the brassy Stella and has been accepted into the social circle of the elite. She watches as Laurel weds, with tears rolling down her face, the rain soaking her. She then turns away and walks down the street triumphantly with a huge smile on her face. This feminine sacrifice completes her daughter’s road to happiness. The melodrama is known for its sudden shift in emotions.One moment Stella is yelling at her daughter for finding the dress she was making her as a surprise and ten seconds later she is hugging her and telling her how much she loves her. In my opinion this genre juxtaposes moments of utter happiness and bliss with the abrupt change to hysterics and tears far too quickly to not require a psych consult. I know this film is a classic and a classic to the melodrama genre, but I just don’t get it. I guess it was the social norm at the time to look upon women with esteem for giving everything up to guarantee the happiness of child, marriage and home.But then again she could have been happy enough with herself to not want to marry someone just to better herself. She would marry someone who loved her for who she was and where she came from. She could of raised her child with a strong sense of self that would have her become a role model and not an embarrassment. I speculate that was not the case when it came to creating a melodrama. Thank you King Vidor for creating the blueprint for all Lifetime Channel movies. Like sands through the hourglass†¦..